Khansa Shakeel, Dr. Syed Safdar Hussain, Maryam Khalid, Faisal Ghaffar, Imad Ali, Zoha Saif, Muhammad Kashif Majeed, Muhammad Daud Abbasi. A UNIFIED BENCHMARK OF STATISTICAL, MACHINE LEARNING, AND DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES FOR S&P 500 INDEX FORECASTING. SES [Internet]. 2026 Mar. 14 [cited 2026 May 21];4(3):597-619. Available from: https://thesesjournal.com/index.php/1/article/view/2216