Muhammad Hamza Hayat, Asad Liaqat, Laiba Shoaib, and Abdul Rehman Chishti. “A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF IOT VULNERABILITY SCANNING: ACTIVE, PASSIVE, AND HYBRID METHODOLOGIES”. Spectrum of Engineering Sciences, vol. 4, no. 4, Apr. 2026, pp. 1194-06, https://thesesjournal.com/index.php/1/article/view/2556.