Asad Ullah Gill, Qamar Farooq, Haroon Noor, Muhammad Hamza Afzal, and Qamar Ayyub. 2026. “DEEP LEARNING-BASED TRAFF‌IC SIGN DETECTION IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRY ROAD CONDITIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF YOLOV8, YOLOV5, VISION TRANSFORMER AND RESNET18”. Spectrum of Engineering Sciences 4 (5):2215-24. https://thesesjournal.com/index.php/1/article/view/2960.