A REVIEW OF SOLAR-POWERED ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING STATIONS: TECHNOLOGIES, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE TREND

Abstract

Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population growth have increased global energy demand, creating serious environmental and economic challenges. The transport sector remains a major source of CO₂ emissions because of its heavy dependence on petroleum-based fuels. In response, the rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly charging infrastructure. Solar-powered EV charging stations offer a promising solution by using renewable energy to reduce emissions and support clean transportation. These systems combine photovoltaic (PV) panels, battery energy storage systems, and smart charging technologies to provide clean and reliable electricity for EV charging. This review paper examines the key technologies, challenges, and future trends related to solar-powered EV charging stations. It discusses grid-connected, off-grid, and hybrid charging systems, along with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and energy management systems. The paper also highlights major challenges, including high installation costs, weather dependency, battery storage limitations, and charging speed issues. Possible solutions such as smart charging strategies, advanced batteries, and hybrid renewable systems are also analyzed. The findings suggest that solar-powered EV charging stations can play an important role in supporting sustainable transportation, reducing CO₂ emissions, and promoting renewable energy development in the future.