THE ROAD TO DECARBONIZING PAKISTAN'S CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

Abstract

Pakistan’s building sector consumes over 40% of national energy, yet low-carbon building (LCB) adoption remains critically low. This study identifies key barriers and develops a contextual framework to accelerate LCB implementation. A mixed-methods design was used: a survey of 153 construction professionals and semi‑structured interviews with ten industry experts across major urban centers. Based on empirical evidence, the study proposes a Three‑Pillar Low‑Carbon Building Design (LCBD) Framework: (1) Policy and Regulatory Foundation (mandatory codes, financial incentives, institutional strengthening); (2) Technical Capacity Development (professional training, curriculum reform, knowledge sharing); and (3) Market Transformation (awareness campaigns, demonstration projects, supply chain development). Complementary outputs include passive design templates for 5 and 10 Marla houses, an Energy‑to‑Mortgage model to improve affordability, and a 10‑year implementation roadmap. The study concludes that overcoming Pakistan’s regulatory vacuum and capacity deficits requires coordinated action. With mandatory codes, green financing, and systemic educational reform, the construction sector can transition from a major carbon emitter to a cornerstone of sustainable development.