THERMAL TRANSPORT IN POROUS DOMAINS FOR MHD NON-NEWTONIAN TERNARY HYBRID NANOFLUID PAST AN EXPONENTIAL STRETCHING SHEET UNDER SUCTION EFFECTS

Abstract

The dynamics of nanoparticle-laden flows play a crucial role in solar energy devices, thermal systems, and energy conversion applications. Motivated by these technological prospects, the present work examines the heat transfer behavior of spherical Ti–MgO–Cu nanoparticles suspended in engine oil, represented as a ternary hybrid non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid. The fluid motion is analyzed over an exponentially stretching flexible sheet, incorporating wall suction in a porous medium and influenced by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) forces. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations and solved numerically using the bvp4c solver. The outcomes indicate that the fluid velocity rises with the exponential stretching rate, Maxwell fluid parameter, and suction intensity, while it diminishes under increasing magnetic and porous medium effects. In contrast, the temperature distribution intensifies with stronger magnetic and porous influences, whereas suction suppresses thermal levels. These results underscore the promise of ternary hybrid nanofluids for improved thermal performance in advanced engineering systems.