EVALUATING THE READINESS FOR ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION ADOPTION IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN

Abstract

Robotics and automation are increasingly being explored by the construction industry to improve productivity, safety, and project performance. However, significant variation is found in adoption levels across regions, particularly in developing countries. The current state of robotics and

automation adoption in construction management in Pakistan is investigated by this study, and the industry’s readiness for widespread implementation is evaluated. A quantitative, cross-

sectional survey was conducted among construction professionals across Pakistan, yielding 118 valid responses. Constructs identified in the literature were used to develop the questionnaire, including current adoption level, application areas, perceived benefits, barriers to adoption,

organizational readiness, and future adoption intention.

Descriptive statistical analysis revealed that the adoption of robotics and automation in Pakistan remains limited, with most organizations confined to pilot or non-adoption stages. While

respondents demonstrated moderate agreement regarding the potential benefits of automation, high initial investment cost, lack of skilled workforce, and limited technical support emerged as the most significant barriers. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that organizational

readiness has a strong and positive influence on adoption level and future adoption intention. However, overall readiness was found to be insufficient to support large-scale implementation.

The findings suggest that comprehensive adoption of robotics and automation is not yet fully prepared for by Pakistan’s construction industry. Targeted interventions focusing on workforce

development, organizational capacity building, and supportive policy frameworks are required to accelerate digital transformation. Empirical evidence from a developing country context is

contributed by this study and practical insights for industry practitioners and policymakers seeking to advance Construction Industry 4.0 are offered.