AN INTELLIGENT BLOCKCHAIN-IOT MODEL FOR TRANSPARENT AND TAMPER-RESISTANT AGRICULTURAL DATA

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of communication technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT) has evolved from an emerging concept into a mature ecosystem, leading to a massive increase in data generation, transmission, and processing. As a result, managing large-scale, geographically distributed IoT devices has become increasingly complex, especially when real-world performance and reliability are required. Most existing IoT management platforms rely on centralized architectures, which introduce several limitations, including vulnerability to cyber-attacks, single points of failure, and restricted scalability. Moreover, ensuring secure data access while complying with governmental and regulatory privacy requirements remains a critical challenge. To address these concerns, this study proposes a block chain-integrated IoT sensor system designed to enhance the security and privacy of sensed data. The primary objective is to provide IoT device owners with a practical application that maintains a transparent, tamper-resistant record of sensor information while enabling simple and controlled access to connected devices. The system incorporates essential IoT sensor framework functionalities, such as real-time data monitoring and regulated interactions between users and devices. Business logic and access policies are enforced through smart contracts, which define predefined rules and operational conditions within the application.

The proposed framework is validated through a real-world IoT prototype implemented using a NodeMCU microcontroller, along with configured network access permissions. Performance evaluation is conducted using multiple metrics to assess efficiency, scalability, and feasibility in resource-constrained IoT environments. The system is experimentally tested in cotton field conditions, where automated irrigation is implemented to improve water utilization. Experimental results demonstrate that integrating block chain with IoT substantially enhances data transparency, system security, and operational efficiency in agricultural management, offering a robust and practical solution for modern smart farming applications.